Cycling and vegetarianism - Page 72

09-02-2004, 07:05 AM

On Thu, 02 Sep 2004 09:37:00 -0500, Preston Crawford
<[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:

> On 2004-09-02, Peter Cole <[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:
>> It's true that lowering fat hasn't helped the obesity problem in the
>> US. As
>
> I think that's where the Low Carb nuts (and yes, I'll call them nuts
> also,
> equal opportunity) get it wrong. Low Fat hasn't helped people lose weight
> because the way it was done or pushed on people (minimal exercise, lots
> of
> sugary, high glycemic foods instead of fat) wasn't healthy either. I
> think
> there's a happy medium between both extremes. Where you can cut down on
> your fat intake (as I think any sane person would want to do for the
> reasons you mention later) while also making sure to eat some of the
> essential fat they need.

There is absolutely no reason why you can't get all the "healthy" fats you
want on a low carb diet. And, I'm not a nut, though I like them.

>> far as cardio-vascular health goes though, as far as I know, a very low
>> fat
>> diet is the only method demonstrated to reverse c-v disease. I have
>> only one
>> personal data point, my father, who after many years of poor diet,
>> smoking,
>> and no exercise, had an angioplasty, then went on an Ornish "reversal"
>> diet
>> (<10% fat), successfully cleared his arteries, and is heart healthy >
>> 20 years
>> later (age 85).
>
> I've heard that too. About the Ornish diet. It's backed up by plenty of
> evidence. Not just "I feel good", but by thousands of people who have
> gone
> from heart attack sufferers to functioning human beings. Ornish just
> isn't
> a household name like Atkins because he doesn't slap his name on
> products.
> Hard to do that when your "products" you push are fruits, veggies and
> whole grains.

Orish is not backed up, by any evidence. Zero. I ate Ornish for years,
and I have better blood chemistry now (low carb) than on Ornish.

>> Weight control is a problem for some, blood sugar or clogged arteries
>> for
>> others. The medical mainstream jury is still out on some issues
>> regarding
>> quality and quantity of fat in the diet, but I think the current
>> findings are
>> hardly a "great lie". Most expectations of people adopting low fat diets
>
> You don't understand, though. That's what makes the Low Carbers feel
> better. They act like they've figured out something all those fancy-pants
> doctors haven't figured out. I think it feels to some people to think
> they're smarter than others, especially doctors. Me, I just want to base
> my diet on solid science and evidence. And if that means I need a little
> meat, so be it. If that means I stick mostly with carbs, however, same
> thing, so be it.

Eat whatever you want. Your diet isn't based on solid evidence.
Seriously. Check it out -- do the research. Here are some places to
start (see [Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

High Carbohydrate Diets, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Coronary
Heart Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 12/3/2002 Hits: 589
From Stanford University and the journal American Journal of Cardiology,
2000: Stanford researchers compared the effects of two diets. One diet was
high carbohydrate (60%) and low fat (25%). The second diet was lower
carbohydrate (40%) and higher fat (45%). They found that group who ate the
high carbohydrate, low fat diet had higher tryglyceride levels and higher
cholesterol levels. Their LDL ("bad cholesterol") did not change. The
researchers concluded that "...it seems appropriate to question the wisdom
of recommending that all Americans should replace dietary fat with
carbohydrate." [This link takes you to an error page at Science Direct.
Click on the JOURNAL tab at the top of the page --> Select THE AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY --> VOLUME 85 --> Issue 1 (January 2000) -->PAGES
45-48]

Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Heart Disease (Scientific Statement) Added on:
1/30/2004 Hits: 346
From the State University of New York in Buffalo and the journal Metabolic
Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2003: In this excellent summary, three
researchers review the existing data on dietary fat and carbohydrate in
relation to heart disease. They conclude that glycemic load and
carbohydrate intake is clearly related to heart disease and type 2
diabetes. They state, "In view of the above observations about the effects
of carbohydrates on oxidative stress and inflammation, it is of interest
that Dr. Atkins foresaw the potential ill effects of carbohydrates in
terms of atherogenesis and heart disease decades earlier." (Adobe Acrobat
Reader Required)

Insulin resistance and Risk for Stroke (Journal Abstract) Added on:
9/26/2002 Hits: 165
From Yale University and the journal Neurology, 2002: Researchers from the
Yale School of Medicine reviewed studies published between 1977 and 2001
that related to insulin resistance and stroke. They concluded that there
is a prevalent connection between chronically high insulin levels (insulin
resistance) and stroke.

Effect of High-Carbohydrate Feeding on Triglyceride and Saturated Fatty
Acid Synthesis (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/25/2002 Hits: 337
From the Rockefeller University in New York and the journal Proceedings of
the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2000: A researcher
reviews a series of studies that investigate the connection between high
carbohydrate meals and increased triglyceride levels. The researcher
concluded that very low fat, high carbohydrate diets increases the levels
of triglycerides in the blood in both lean and overweight people. She also
concluded that higher fat diets (30% fat or more) decreases triglyceride
levels. She recommended that public dietary recommendations be revised to
take into account the effects of carbohydrate, especially simple
carbohydrate, on triglyceride levels.

Relationship Between Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Coronary Heart
Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/18/2002 Hits: 238
From Stanford University and The Journal of American College of
Cardiology, 2002: A group of Stanford researchers, including Dr. Gerald
Reaven, studied the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on cardiac
disease. They measured insulin levels, glucose levels, blood pressure,
total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in the
study volunteers. They concluded that a chronically elevated glucose level
(insulin resistance) is a risk factor for both cardiac disease and
diabetes that is as powerful as obesity.

Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Colon Cancer: A Review of the
Evidence (Journal Abstract) Added on: 7/10/2002 Hits: 284
From Harvard University and The Journal of Nutrition, 2001: This Harvard
researcher reviewed over 250 studies relating to insulin and insulin-like
growth factors and their affects on colon cancer growth. He concluded that
there is strong evidence that high carbohydrate intake and high insulin
production fosters colon cancer growth.

Dietary Fat Intake and Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormone Levels in
Postmenopausal Women (Journal Abstract) Added on: 8/25/2003 Hits: 116
From Harvard University and the International Union Against Cancer
Information Services, 2000: A team of researchers from the Harvard
Department of Nutrition studied 381 postmenopausal women for 4 years. They
reviewed the association between the women's intake of dietary fat and
their levels of sex hormones, including estrogen. They found that there
was no association between dietary fat intake and elevated estrogen. In
fact, they found that the *less* dietary fat the women in the study ate,
the more likely they were to have elevated estrogen, quite to the surprise
of the researchers. They concluded that these results are "inconsistent
with the hypothesis that fat intake predisposes to breast cancer risk by
raising endogenous estrogen levels.

The Healing Power of Your Fork: A Brain Tumor Survivor's Eating Plan
(Advisory Statement) Added on: 7/11/2002 Hits: 556
From The National Brain Tumor Foundation, 2002: This national foundation
instructs brain tumor survivors to avoid sugars and other high fiber, high
glycemic foods because of the scientific evidence that sugar accelerates
tumor growth. They also warn patients to avoid low fat diets because of
evidence that selected dietary fats are beneficial in slowing tumor growth
and decreasing siezure activity. (Adobe Acrobat Reader required) If you
get an error page, go to the home page at [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] and
click on the "patient info" link, click on the "publication & newsletter"
hyperlink and choose the third "fact sheet" hyperlink.

Changes In Renal Function During Weight Loss Induced by High vs
Low-Protein Low-Fat Diets in Overweight Subjects (Journal Abstract) Added
on: 7/12/2002 Hits: 1558
From the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark and the
International Journal of Obesity, 1999: The researchers conducted this
study to assess the renal affects of high vs low protein diets. They found
moderate adaptive alterations in renal size but found no indications of
adverse affects on kidney function.

A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity (Journal
Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 2253
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Washington University
in St. Louis, The University of Colorado, and The New England Journal of
Medicine, 2003: These multi-center researchers conducted a 12 months study
of a low carbohydrate, high protein diet with the conventional high
carbohydrate, low fat, low calorie diet. They found that the low
carbohydrate group lost more weight at 3, 6 and 12 months and had lower
triglyceride levels, and improved HDL cholesterol levels ("good"
cholesterol).

A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity
(Journal Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 1454
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and The New England
Journal of Medicine, 2003: A team of medical researchers compared the
effects of a very low carbohydrate diet with the effects of a traditional
low fat, low calorie diet among obese multi-racial men and women, some of
which had diabetes and metabolic syndrome. At the end of 6 months, the low
carbohydrate diet participants lost more weight, had greater drops in
triglyceride levels, and improved insulin sensitivity.

There are tons more.

See:

[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

--
Bob in CT
Remove ".x" to reply

09-02-2004, 07:05 AM

On Thu, 02 Sep 2004 09:37:00 -0500, Preston Crawford
<[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:

> On 2004-09-02, Peter Cole <[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:
>> It's true that lowering fat hasn't helped the obesity problem in the
>> US. As
>
> I think that's where the Low Carb nuts (and yes, I'll call them nuts
> also,
> equal opportunity) get it wrong. Low Fat hasn't helped people lose weight
> because the way it was done or pushed on people (minimal exercise, lots
> of
> sugary, high glycemic foods instead of fat) wasn't healthy either. I
> think
> there's a happy medium between both extremes. Where you can cut down on
> your fat intake (as I think any sane person would want to do for the
> reasons you mention later) while also making sure to eat some of the
> essential fat they need.

There is absolutely no reason why you can't get all the "healthy" fats you
want on a low carb diet. And, I'm not a nut, though I like them.

>> far as cardio-vascular health goes though, as far as I know, a very low
>> fat
>> diet is the only method demonstrated to reverse c-v disease. I have
>> only one
>> personal data point, my father, who after many years of poor diet,
>> smoking,
>> and no exercise, had an angioplasty, then went on an Ornish "reversal"
>> diet
>> (<10% fat), successfully cleared his arteries, and is heart healthy >
>> 20 years
>> later (age 85).
>
> I've heard that too. About the Ornish diet. It's backed up by plenty of
> evidence. Not just "I feel good", but by thousands of people who have
> gone
> from heart attack sufferers to functioning human beings. Ornish just
> isn't
> a household name like Atkins because he doesn't slap his name on
> products.
> Hard to do that when your "products" you push are fruits, veggies and
> whole grains.

Orish is not backed up, by any evidence. Zero. I ate Ornish for years,
and I have better blood chemistry now (low carb) than on Ornish.

>> Weight control is a problem for some, blood sugar or clogged arteries
>> for
>> others. The medical mainstream jury is still out on some issues
>> regarding
>> quality and quantity of fat in the diet, but I think the current
>> findings are
>> hardly a "great lie". Most expectations of people adopting low fat diets
>
> You don't understand, though. That's what makes the Low Carbers feel
> better. They act like they've figured out something all those fancy-pants
> doctors haven't figured out. I think it feels to some people to think
> they're smarter than others, especially doctors. Me, I just want to base
> my diet on solid science and evidence. And if that means I need a little
> meat, so be it. If that means I stick mostly with carbs, however, same
> thing, so be it.

Eat whatever you want. Your diet isn't based on solid evidence.
Seriously. Check it out -- do the research. Here are some places to
start (see [Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

High Carbohydrate Diets, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Coronary
Heart Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 12/3/2002 Hits: 589
From Stanford University and the journal American Journal of Cardiology,
2000: Stanford researchers compared the effects of two diets. One diet was
high carbohydrate (60%) and low fat (25%). The second diet was lower
carbohydrate (40%) and higher fat (45%). They found that group who ate the
high carbohydrate, low fat diet had higher tryglyceride levels and higher
cholesterol levels. Their LDL ("bad cholesterol") did not change. The
researchers concluded that "...it seems appropriate to question the wisdom
of recommending that all Americans should replace dietary fat with
carbohydrate." [This link takes you to an error page at Science Direct.
Click on the JOURNAL tab at the top of the page --> Select THE AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY --> VOLUME 85 --> Issue 1 (January 2000) -->PAGES
45-48]

Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Heart Disease (Scientific Statement) Added on:
1/30/2004 Hits: 346
From the State University of New York in Buffalo and the journal Metabolic
Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2003: In this excellent summary, three
researchers review the existing data on dietary fat and carbohydrate in
relation to heart disease. They conclude that glycemic load and
carbohydrate intake is clearly related to heart disease and type 2
diabetes. They state, "In view of the above observations about the effects
of carbohydrates on oxidative stress and inflammation, it is of interest
that Dr. Atkins foresaw the potential ill effects of carbohydrates in
terms of atherogenesis and heart disease decades earlier." (Adobe Acrobat
Reader Required)

Insulin resistance and Risk for Stroke (Journal Abstract) Added on:
9/26/2002 Hits: 165
From Yale University and the journal Neurology, 2002: Researchers from the
Yale School of Medicine reviewed studies published between 1977 and 2001
that related to insulin resistance and stroke. They concluded that there
is a prevalent connection between chronically high insulin levels (insulin
resistance) and stroke.

Effect of High-Carbohydrate Feeding on Triglyceride and Saturated Fatty
Acid Synthesis (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/25/2002 Hits: 337
From the Rockefeller University in New York and the journal Proceedings of
the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2000: A researcher
reviews a series of studies that investigate the connection between high
carbohydrate meals and increased triglyceride levels. The researcher
concluded that very low fat, high carbohydrate diets increases the levels
of triglycerides in the blood in both lean and overweight people. She also
concluded that higher fat diets (30% fat or more) decreases triglyceride
levels. She recommended that public dietary recommendations be revised to
take into account the effects of carbohydrate, especially simple
carbohydrate, on triglyceride levels.

Relationship Between Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Coronary Heart
Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/18/2002 Hits: 238
From Stanford University and The Journal of American College of
Cardiology, 2002: A group of Stanford researchers, including Dr. Gerald
Reaven, studied the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on cardiac
disease. They measured insulin levels, glucose levels, blood pressure,
total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in the
study volunteers. They concluded that a chronically elevated glucose level
(insulin resistance) is a risk factor for both cardiac disease and
diabetes that is as powerful as obesity.

Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Colon Cancer: A Review of the
Evidence (Journal Abstract) Added on: 7/10/2002 Hits: 284
From Harvard University and The Journal of Nutrition, 2001: This Harvard
researcher reviewed over 250 studies relating to insulin and insulin-like
growth factors and their affects on colon cancer growth. He concluded that
there is strong evidence that high carbohydrate intake and high insulin
production fosters colon cancer growth.

Dietary Fat Intake and Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormone Levels in
Postmenopausal Women (Journal Abstract) Added on: 8/25/2003 Hits: 116
From Harvard University and the International Union Against Cancer
Information Services, 2000: A team of researchers from the Harvard
Department of Nutrition studied 381 postmenopausal women for 4 years. They
reviewed the association between the women's intake of dietary fat and
their levels of sex hormones, including estrogen. They found that there
was no association between dietary fat intake and elevated estrogen. In
fact, they found that the *less* dietary fat the women in the study ate,
the more likely they were to have elevated estrogen, quite to the surprise
of the researchers. They concluded that these results are "inconsistent
with the hypothesis that fat intake predisposes to breast cancer risk by
raising endogenous estrogen levels.

The Healing Power of Your Fork: A Brain Tumor Survivor's Eating Plan
(Advisory Statement) Added on: 7/11/2002 Hits: 556
From The National Brain Tumor Foundation, 2002: This national foundation
instructs brain tumor survivors to avoid sugars and other high fiber, high
glycemic foods because of the scientific evidence that sugar accelerates
tumor growth. They also warn patients to avoid low fat diets because of
evidence that selected dietary fats are beneficial in slowing tumor growth
and decreasing siezure activity. (Adobe Acrobat Reader required) If you
get an error page, go to the home page at [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] and
click on the "patient info" link, click on the "publication & newsletter"
hyperlink and choose the third "fact sheet" hyperlink.

Changes In Renal Function During Weight Loss Induced by High vs
Low-Protein Low-Fat Diets in Overweight Subjects (Journal Abstract) Added
on: 7/12/2002 Hits: 1558
From the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark and the
International Journal of Obesity, 1999: The researchers conducted this
study to assess the renal affects of high vs low protein diets. They found
moderate adaptive alterations in renal size but found no indications of
adverse affects on kidney function.

A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity (Journal
Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 2253
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Washington University
in St. Louis, The University of Colorado, and The New England Journal of
Medicine, 2003: These multi-center researchers conducted a 12 months study
of a low carbohydrate, high protein diet with the conventional high
carbohydrate, low fat, low calorie diet. They found that the low
carbohydrate group lost more weight at 3, 6 and 12 months and had lower
triglyceride levels, and improved HDL cholesterol levels ("good"
cholesterol).

A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity
(Journal Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 1454
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and The New England
Journal of Medicine, 2003: A team of medical researchers compared the
effects of a very low carbohydrate diet with the effects of a traditional
low fat, low calorie diet among obese multi-racial men and women, some of
which had diabetes and metabolic syndrome. At the end of 6 months, the low
carbohydrate diet participants lost more weight, had greater drops in
triglyceride levels, and improved insulin sensitivity.

There are tons more.

See:

[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

--
Bob in CT
Remove ".x" to reply

09-02-2004, 07:05 AM

On Thu, 02 Sep 2004 09:37:00 -0500, Preston Crawford
<[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:

> On 2004-09-02, Peter Cole <[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote:
>> It's true that lowering fat hasn't helped the obesity problem in the
>> US. As
>
> I think that's where the Low Carb nuts (and yes, I'll call them nuts
> also,
> equal opportunity) get it wrong. Low Fat hasn't helped people lose weight
> because the way it was done or pushed on people (minimal exercise, lots
> of
> sugary, high glycemic foods instead of fat) wasn't healthy either. I
> think
> there's a happy medium between both extremes. Where you can cut down on
> your fat intake (as I think any sane person would want to do for the
> reasons you mention later) while also making sure to eat some of the
> essential fat they need.

There is absolutely no reason why you can't get all the "healthy" fats you
want on a low carb diet. And, I'm not a nut, though I like them.

>> far as cardio-vascular health goes though, as far as I know, a very low
>> fat
>> diet is the only method demonstrated to reverse c-v disease. I have
>> only one
>> personal data point, my father, who after many years of poor diet,
>> smoking,
>> and no exercise, had an angioplasty, then went on an Ornish "reversal"
>> diet
>> (<10% fat), successfully cleared his arteries, and is heart healthy >
>> 20 years
>> later (age 85).
>
> I've heard that too. About the Ornish diet. It's backed up by plenty of
> evidence. Not just "I feel good", but by thousands of people who have
> gone
> from heart attack sufferers to functioning human beings. Ornish just
> isn't
> a household name like Atkins because he doesn't slap his name on
> products.
> Hard to do that when your "products" you push are fruits, veggies and
> whole grains.

Orish is not backed up, by any evidence. Zero. I ate Ornish for years,
and I have better blood chemistry now (low carb) than on Ornish.

>> Weight control is a problem for some, blood sugar or clogged arteries
>> for
>> others. The medical mainstream jury is still out on some issues
>> regarding
>> quality and quantity of fat in the diet, but I think the current
>> findings are
>> hardly a "great lie". Most expectations of people adopting low fat diets
>
> You don't understand, though. That's what makes the Low Carbers feel
> better. They act like they've figured out something all those fancy-pants
> doctors haven't figured out. I think it feels to some people to think
> they're smarter than others, especially doctors. Me, I just want to base
> my diet on solid science and evidence. And if that means I need a little
> meat, so be it. If that means I stick mostly with carbs, however, same
> thing, so be it.

Eat whatever you want. Your diet isn't based on solid evidence.
Seriously. Check it out -- do the research. Here are some places to
start (see [Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

High Carbohydrate Diets, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Coronary
Heart Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 12/3/2002 Hits: 589
From Stanford University and the journal American Journal of Cardiology,
2000: Stanford researchers compared the effects of two diets. One diet was
high carbohydrate (60%) and low fat (25%). The second diet was lower
carbohydrate (40%) and higher fat (45%). They found that group who ate the
high carbohydrate, low fat diet had higher tryglyceride levels and higher
cholesterol levels. Their LDL ("bad cholesterol") did not change. The
researchers concluded that "...it seems appropriate to question the wisdom
of recommending that all Americans should replace dietary fat with
carbohydrate." [This link takes you to an error page at Science Direct.
Click on the JOURNAL tab at the top of the page --> Select THE AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY --> VOLUME 85 --> Issue 1 (January 2000) -->PAGES
45-48]

Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Heart Disease (Scientific Statement) Added on:
1/30/2004 Hits: 346
From the State University of New York in Buffalo and the journal Metabolic
Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2003: In this excellent summary, three
researchers review the existing data on dietary fat and carbohydrate in
relation to heart disease. They conclude that glycemic load and
carbohydrate intake is clearly related to heart disease and type 2
diabetes. They state, "In view of the above observations about the effects
of carbohydrates on oxidative stress and inflammation, it is of interest
that Dr. Atkins foresaw the potential ill effects of carbohydrates in
terms of atherogenesis and heart disease decades earlier." (Adobe Acrobat
Reader Required)

Insulin resistance and Risk for Stroke (Journal Abstract) Added on:
9/26/2002 Hits: 165
From Yale University and the journal Neurology, 2002: Researchers from the
Yale School of Medicine reviewed studies published between 1977 and 2001
that related to insulin resistance and stroke. They concluded that there
is a prevalent connection between chronically high insulin levels (insulin
resistance) and stroke.

Effect of High-Carbohydrate Feeding on Triglyceride and Saturated Fatty
Acid Synthesis (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/25/2002 Hits: 337
From the Rockefeller University in New York and the journal Proceedings of
the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2000: A researcher
reviews a series of studies that investigate the connection between high
carbohydrate meals and increased triglyceride levels. The researcher
concluded that very low fat, high carbohydrate diets increases the levels
of triglycerides in the blood in both lean and overweight people. She also
concluded that higher fat diets (30% fat or more) decreases triglyceride
levels. She recommended that public dietary recommendations be revised to
take into account the effects of carbohydrate, especially simple
carbohydrate, on triglyceride levels.

Relationship Between Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Coronary Heart
Disease Risk (Journal Abstract) Added on: 9/18/2002 Hits: 238
From Stanford University and The Journal of American College of
Cardiology, 2002: A group of Stanford researchers, including Dr. Gerald
Reaven, studied the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on cardiac
disease. They measured insulin levels, glucose levels, blood pressure,
total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in the
study volunteers. They concluded that a chronically elevated glucose level
(insulin resistance) is a risk factor for both cardiac disease and
diabetes that is as powerful as obesity.

Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Colon Cancer: A Review of the
Evidence (Journal Abstract) Added on: 7/10/2002 Hits: 284
From Harvard University and The Journal of Nutrition, 2001: This Harvard
researcher reviewed over 250 studies relating to insulin and insulin-like
growth factors and their affects on colon cancer growth. He concluded that
there is strong evidence that high carbohydrate intake and high insulin
production fosters colon cancer growth.

Dietary Fat Intake and Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormone Levels in
Postmenopausal Women (Journal Abstract) Added on: 8/25/2003 Hits: 116
From Harvard University and the International Union Against Cancer
Information Services, 2000: A team of researchers from the Harvard
Department of Nutrition studied 381 postmenopausal women for 4 years. They
reviewed the association between the women's intake of dietary fat and
their levels of sex hormones, including estrogen. They found that there
was no association between dietary fat intake and elevated estrogen. In
fact, they found that the *less* dietary fat the women in the study ate,
the more likely they were to have elevated estrogen, quite to the surprise
of the researchers. They concluded that these results are "inconsistent
with the hypothesis that fat intake predisposes to breast cancer risk by
raising endogenous estrogen levels.

The Healing Power of Your Fork: A Brain Tumor Survivor's Eating Plan
(Advisory Statement) Added on: 7/11/2002 Hits: 556
From The National Brain Tumor Foundation, 2002: This national foundation
instructs brain tumor survivors to avoid sugars and other high fiber, high
glycemic foods because of the scientific evidence that sugar accelerates
tumor growth. They also warn patients to avoid low fat diets because of
evidence that selected dietary fats are beneficial in slowing tumor growth
and decreasing siezure activity. (Adobe Acrobat Reader required) If you
get an error page, go to the home page at [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] and
click on the "patient info" link, click on the "publication & newsletter"
hyperlink and choose the third "fact sheet" hyperlink.

Changes In Renal Function During Weight Loss Induced by High vs
Low-Protein Low-Fat Diets in Overweight Subjects (Journal Abstract) Added
on: 7/12/2002 Hits: 1558
From the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark and the
International Journal of Obesity, 1999: The researchers conducted this
study to assess the renal affects of high vs low protein diets. They found
moderate adaptive alterations in renal size but found no indications of
adverse affects on kidney function.

A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity (Journal
Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 2253
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Washington University
in St. Louis, The University of Colorado, and The New England Journal of
Medicine, 2003: These multi-center researchers conducted a 12 months study
of a low carbohydrate, high protein diet with the conventional high
carbohydrate, low fat, low calorie diet. They found that the low
carbohydrate group lost more weight at 3, 6 and 12 months and had lower
triglyceride levels, and improved HDL cholesterol levels ("good"
cholesterol).

A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity
(Journal Abstract) Added on: 6/26/2003 Hits: 1454
From the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and The New England
Journal of Medicine, 2003: A team of medical researchers compared the
effects of a very low carbohydrate diet with the effects of a traditional
low fat, low calorie diet among obese multi-racial men and women, some of
which had diabetes and metabolic syndrome. At the end of 6 months, the low
carbohydrate diet participants lost more weight, had greater drops in
triglyceride levels, and improved insulin sensitivity.

There are tons more.

See:

[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]

--
Bob in CT
Remove ".x" to reply

09-02-2004, 07:09 AM

"Preston Crawford" <[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]> wrote in message
news:slrncjebvp.7do.me@serpentor.cobrala

[...]

> I've heard that too. About the Ornish diet. It's backed up by plenty
> of evidence. Not just "I feel good", but by thousands of people who
> have gone from heart attack sufferers to functioning human beings.
> Ornish just isn't a household name like Atkins because he doesn't
> slap his name on products. Hard to do that when your "products" you
> push are fruits, veggies and whole grains.

Hmmm... all allowed by Atkins, South Beach Diet, etc.

[...]

> You don't understand, though. That's what makes the Low Carbers feel
> better. They act like they've figured out something all those
> fancy-pants doctors haven't figured out. I think it feels to some
> people to think they're smarter than others, especially doctors. Me,
> I just want to base my diet on solid science and evidence. And if
> that means I need a little meat, so be it. If that means I stick
> mostly with carbs, however, same thing, so be it.

The truth is we "Low Carb nutters" are the ones paying attention to the
science. Most doctors don't know dick about nutrition. They're doctors.
Nutrition isn't taught in most American medical schools. In the meantime,
here's some studies directly or indirectly relating to high protein diets
your doctor probably doesn't know about:

Some comparative diet studies:

Abbasi, F., McLaughlin, T., Lamendola, C., et al., "High Carbohydrate Diets,
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk," The
American Journal of Cardiology, 85, 2000, pages 45-48.

Ball, S.D., Keller, K.R., Moyer-Mileur, L.J., et al., "Prolongation of
Satiety After Low Versus Moderately High Glycemic Index Meals in Obese
Adolescents," Pediatrics, 111(3), 2003, pages 488-494.

Bravata, D.M., Sanders, L., Huang, J., et al., "Efficacy and Safety of
Low-Carbohydrate Diets: A Systematic Review," The Journal of the American
Medical Association, 289(14), 2003, pages 1837-1850.

Brehm, B.J., Seeley, R.J., D'Alessio, D.A., et al., "Effects of a Low
Carbohydrate Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors", College
of Nursing and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati.
This Information was presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American
Dietetic Association and the 2001 Annual Meeting of the North American
Association for the Study of Obesity. The results have not yet been
published.

Brehm, B.J., Seeley, R.J., Daniels, S.R., et al., "A Randomized Trial
Comparing a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet and a Calorie-Restricted Low Fat Diet
on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women," The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88(4), 2003, pages
1617-1623.

Brown, R.C., Cox, C.M., "Effects of High Fat Versus High Carbohydrate Diets
on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Endurance Athletes," Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(12), 1998, pages 1677-1683.

Campbell, L.V., Marmot, P.E., Dyer, J.A., et al., "The High-Monounsaturated
Fat Diet as a Practical Alternative for NIDDM," Diabetes Care, 17(3), 1994,
pages 177-182.

Coulston, A.M, Liu, G.C., Reaven, G.M., "Plasma Glucose, Insulin and Lipid
Responses to High-Carbohydrate Low-Fat Diets in Normal Humans," Metabolism,
32(1), 1983, pages 52-56.

Dawson-Hughes, B., Harris, S.S., Rasmussen, H., et al., "Effect of Dietary
Protein Supplements on Calcium Excretion in Healthy Older Men and Women",
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(3), 2004, pages
1169-1173.

Dreon, D.M., Fenstrom, H.A., Campos, H., et al., "Change in Dietary
Saturated Fat Intake Is Correlated With Change in Mass of Large
Low-Density-Lipoprotein Particles in Men," American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 67, 1998, pages 828-836.

Dreon, D.M., Fernstrom, H.A., Miller, B., et al., "Low-Density Lipoprotein
Subclass Patterns and Lipoprotein Response to a Reduced-Fat Diet in Men,"
The FASEB Journal, 8(1), 1994, pages 121-126.

Dreon, D.M., Fernstrom, H.A., Williams, P.T., et al., "A Very-Low-Fat Diet
Is not Associated With Improved Lipoprotein Profiles in Men With a
Predominance of Large, Low-Density Lipoproteins," American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 69, 1999, pages 411-418.

Dreon, D.M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Ellsworth, N., et al., "Dietary Fat:
Carbohydrate Ratio and Obesity in Middle-Aged Men," American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 47, 1988, pages 995-1000.

Facchini, F.S., Saylor, K.L., "A Low-Iron-Available, Polyphenol-Enriched,
Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet to Slow Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy,"
Diabetes, 52(5), 2003, pages 1204-1209.

***an, T.C., Oexmann, M.J., "Effects of High Protein, High Carbohydrate, and
High Fat Diets on Laboratory Parameters," Journal of the American College of
Nutrition, 6(4), 1987, pages 333-343.

Farnsworth, E., Luscombe, N.D., Noakes, M., et al., "Effect of a
High-Protein, Energy-Restricted Diet on Body Composition, Glycemic Control,
and Lipid Concentrations in Overweight and Obese Hyperinsulinemic Men and
Women," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(1), 2003, pages 31-39.

Foster, G.D., Wyatt, H.R., Hill, J.O., et al., "A Randomized Trial of a
Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity," The New England Journal of Medicine,
348(21), 2003, pages 2082-2090.

Fujita, Y., Gotto, A.M., Phil, D., et al., "Basal and Postprotein Insulin
and Glucagon Levels During a High and Low Carbohydrate Intake and Their
Relationships to Plasma Triglycerides," Diabetes, 24(6), 1975, pages
552-558.

Garg, A., "High-Monounsaturated-Fat Diets for Patients With Diabetes
Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
67(Suppl), 1998, pages 577S-582S.

Garg, A., Bantle, J.P., Henry, R.R., "Effects of Varying Carbohydrate
Content of Diet in Patients With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus,"
Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(18), 1994, pages 1421-1428.

Garg, A., Grundy, S.M., Unger, R.H., "Comparison of Effects of High and Low
Carbohydrate Diets on Plasma Lipoproteins and Insulin Sensitivity in
Patients With Mild NIDDM," Diabetes, 41(10), 1992, pages 1278-1285.

Greene, P., Willett, W., Devecis, J., et al., "Pilot 12-Week Feeding
Weight-Loss Comparison: Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate (Ketogenic) Diets,"
Abstract Presented at The North American Association for the Study of
Obesity Annual Meeting 2003, Obesity Research, 11S, 2003, page 95OR.

Greene, P.J., Devecis, J., Willett, W.C., "Effects of Low-Fat Vs
Ultra-Low-Carbohydrate Weight-Loss Diets: A 12-Week Pilot Feeding Study,"
abstract presented at Nutrition Week 2004, February 9-12, 2004, in Las
Vegas, Nevada.

Heilbronn, L.K., Noakes, M., Clifton, P.M., "Effect of Energy Restriction,
Weight Loss, and Diet Composition on Plasma Lipids and Glucose in Patients
With Type 2 Diabetes," Diabetes Care, 22(6), 1999, pages 889-895.

Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., et al., "Dietary Protein and Risk of
Ischemic Heart Disease in Women," The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 70, 1999, pages 221-227.

Kasper, H., Thiel, H., Ehl, M., "Response of Body Weight to a Low
Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet in Normal and Obese Subjects," The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26, 1973, pages 197-204.

Kerstetter, J.E., O'Brien, K.O., Insogna, K.L., "Dietary Protein Affects
Intestinal Calcium Absorption," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
68(4), 1998, pages 859-865.

Kerstetter, J.E., O'Brien, K.O., Insogna, K.L., "Low Protein Intake: the
Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans," The Journal of Nutrition,
133(3), 2003, pages 855S-861S.

Krauss, R.M., Dreon, D.M., "Low-Density-Lipoprotein Subclasses and Response
to a Low-Fat Diet in Healthy Men," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
62, 1995, pages 478S-487S.

Langfort, J., Zarzeczny, R., Pilis, W., et al., "The Effect of a
Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Performance, Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to a
30-s Bout of Supramaximal Exercise," European Journal of Applied Physiology,
76(2), 1997, pages 128-133.

Layman, D.K., "The Role of Leucine in Weight Loss Diets and Glucose
Homeostasis," The Journal of Nutrition, 133(1), 2003, pages 261S-267S.

Layman, D.K., Shiue, H., Sather, C., et al., "Increased Dietary Protein
Modifies Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Adult Women During Weight Loss,"
The Journal of Nutrition, 133(2),2003, pages 405-410.

Lean, M.E.J., Han, T.S., Prvan, T., et al., "Weight Loss With High and Low
Carbohydrate 1200 Kcal Diets in Free Living Women," European Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 51(4), 1997, pages 243-248.

Leddy, J., Hovarth, P., Rowland, J., et al., "Effect of a High or a Low Fat
Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Male and Female Runners," Medical
Science and Sports Exercise, 29(1), 1997, pages 17-25.

Marques-Lopes, I., Ansorena, D., Astiasaran, I., et al., "Postprandial de
Novo Lipogenesis and Metabolic Changes Induced by a High-Carbohydrate,
Low-Fat Meal in Lean and Overweight Men," American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 73(2), 2001, pages 253-261.

McLaughlin, T., Abbasi, F., Lamendola, C., et al., "Carbohydrate-Induced
Hypertriglyceridemia: An Insight Into the Link Between Plasma Insulin and
Triglyceride Concentrations," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 85(9), 2000, pages 3085-3088.

Meckling, K.A., Gauthier, M., Grubb, R., et al., "Effects of a Hypocaloric,
Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss, Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure, Glucose
Tolerance, and Body Composition in Free-Living Overweight Women," Canadian
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 80(11), 2002, pages 1095-1105.

Meckling, K.A., O'Sullivan, C., Saari, D., "Comparison of a low-fat diet to
a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss, body composition, and risk factors
for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in free-living, overweight men and
women", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(6), 2004,
pages:2717-2723.

Moran, L.J., Noakes, M., Clifton, P.M., et al., "Dietary Composition in
Restoring Reproductive and Metabolic Physiology in Overweight Women with
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 88(2), 2003, pages 812-819.

Muoio, D.M., Leddy, J.J., Hovarth, P.J., et al., "Effect of Dietary Fat on
Metabolic Adjustments to Maximal VO2 and Endurance in Runners," Medical
Science and Sports Exercise, 26(1), 1994, pages 81-88.

O'Brien, K.D., Brehm, B.J., Seeley, R.J., "Greater Reduction in Inflammatory
Markers With a Low Carbohydrate Diet than with a Calorically Matched Low Fat
Diet," Presented at American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2002 on
Tuesday, November 19, 2002, Abstract ID: 117597.

Parker, B., Noakes, M., Luscombe, N., et al., "Effect of a High-Protein,
High-Monounsaturated Fat Weight Loss Diet on Glycemic Control and Lipid
Levels in Type 2 Diabetes", Diabetes Care, 25(3), 2002, pages 425-430.

Pasman, W.J., Blokdijk, V.M., Bertina, F.M., et al., "Effect of Two
Breakfasts, Different in Carbohydrate Composition, on Hunger and Satiety and
Mood in Healthy Men," International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic
Disorders, 27(6), 2003, pages 663-668.

Rabast, U., Kasper, H., Schonborn, J., "Comparative Studies in Obese
Subjects Fed Carbohydrate-Restricted and High-Carbohydrate 1,000 Calorie
Formula Diets," Nutritional Metabolsim, 22, 1978, pages 269-277.

Rabast, U., Schönborn, J., Kasper, H., "Dietetic Treatment of Obesity With
Low and High-Carbohydrate Diets: Comparative Studies and Clinical Results,"
International Journal of Obesity, 3(3), 1979, pages 201-211.

Reissell, P.K., Mandella, P.A., Poon-King, T.M.W., et al., "Treatment of
Hypertriglyceridemia," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 19, 1966,
pages 84-98.

Rumpler, W.V., Seale, J.L., Miles, C.W., et al., "Energy-Intake Restriction
and Diet-Composition Effects on Energy Expenditure in Men," The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 1991, pages 430-436.

Samaha, F.F., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., et al., "A Low-Carbohydrate as
Compared With a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity," The New England Journal of
Medicine, 348(21), 2003, pages 2074-2081.

Schlundt, D.G., Hill, J.O., Sbrocco, T., et al., "The Role of Breakfast in
the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial," American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 55(3), 1992, pages 645-651.

Schneeman, B.O., "Carbohydrate: Friend or Foe? Summary of Research Needs,"
Journal of Nutrition, 131(10), 2001, pages 2764S-2765S.

Smith, S.R., de Jonge, L., Zachwieja, J.J., et al., "Fat and Carbohydrate
Balances During Adaptation to a High-Fat Diet," American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 71(2), 2000, pages 450-457.

Stadler, D.D., Burden, V., Connor, W., et al., "Impact of 42-Day Atkins Diet
and Energy-Matched Low-Fat Diet on Weight and Anthropometric Indices," FASEB
Journal, 17(4-5), Abstract of the 12th Annual FASEB Meeting on Experimental
Biology: Translating the Genome; Abstract# 453.3, San Diego, CA, April
11-15, 2003.

Stern, L., Iqbal, N., Chiceno, K., et al., "The V.A. Low Carbohydrate
Intervention Diet (VALID) Study," Journal of General Internal Medicine,
17(S1), 2002, pages 147-148. (abstract #51080)

Volek, J.S., Sharman, M.J., and Gomez A.L., et al., "An Isoenergetic Very
Low Carbohydrate Diet Improves Serum HDL Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol
Concentrations, the Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ratio and
Postprandial Lipemic Responses Compared with a Low Fat Diet in Normal
Weight, Normolipidemic Women," The Journal of Nutrition, 133(9), 2003, pages
2756-2761.

Volek, J.S., Westman, E.C., "Very-Low-Carbohydrate Weight-Loss Diets
Revisited," Clevland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 69(11), 2002, pages
849-862.

Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Rolland, V., Wilson, S.A., et al., "Satiety
Related to 24 h Diet-Induced Thermogenesis During High Protein/Carbohydrate
vs High Fat Diets Measured in a Respiration Chamber," European Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 53(6), 1999, pages 495-502.

Westman, E.C., Yancy, W.S., Guyton, J.S., "Effect of a Low Carbohydrate
Ketogenic Diet Program on Fasting Lipid Subfractions," Circulation,
106(19)SII, 2002, page 727. (Abstract #3582).

Williams, P.T., Dreon, D.M., Krauss, R.M., "Effects of Dietary Fat on
High-Density-Lipoprotein Subclasses Are Influenced by Both Apolipoprotein E
Isoforms and Low-Density-Lipoprotein Subclass Patterns," American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 61, 1995, pages 1234-1240.

Yancy, W.S. Jr., Westman, E.C., French, P.A., et al., "Diets and Clinical
Coronary Events: The Truth is Out There," Circulation, 107(1), 2003, pages
10-16.

Young, C.M., Scanlan, S.S., Im, H.S., et al., "Effect on Body Composition
and Other Parameters in Obese Young Men of Carbohydrate Level of Reduction
Diet," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24, 1971, pages 290-296.

Yudkin, J., Carey, M., "The Treatment of Obesity by the 'High-Fat' Diet: The
Inevitability of Calories," The Lancet, October 29, 1960, pages 939-941.

Here's some more on protein, bones and calcium:

Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Dawson-Hughes, B., Willett, W.C., et al., "Effect of
Vitamin D on Falls: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of the American Medical
Association, 291(16), 2004, pages 1999-2006.

Brown, R.C., Cox, C.M., "Effects of High Fat Versus High Carbohydrate Diets
on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Endurance Athletes," Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(12), 1998, pages 1677-1683.

Cumming, R.G., Klineberg, R.J., "Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Hip
Fractures in the Elderly," American Journal of Epidemiology, 139, 1994,
pages 493-505.

Dawson-Hughes, B., Harris, S.S., Rasmussen, H., et al., "Effect of Dietary
Protein Supplements on Calcium Excretion in Healthy Older Men and Women",
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(3), 2004, pages
1169-1173.

***an, T.C., Oexmann, M.J., "Effects of High Protein, High Carbohydrate, and
High Fat Diets on Laboratory Parameters," Journal of the American College of
Nutrition, 6(4), 1987, pages 333-343.

Farnsworth, E., Luscombe, N.D., Noakes, M., et al., "Effect of a
High-Protein, Energy-Restricted Diet on Body Composition, Glycemic Control,
and Lipid Concentrations in Overweight and Obese Hyperinsulinemic Men and
Women," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(1), 2003, pages 31-39.

Feskanich, D., Willet, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., et al., "Milk, Dietary Calcium,
and Bone Fractures in Women: A 12-Year Prospective Study," American Journal
of Public Health, 1997, pages 992-997.

Hannan, M.T., Tucker, K.L., Dawson-Hughes, B., et al., "Effect of Dietary
Protein on Bone Loss in Elderly Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis
Study," Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 15(12), 2000, pages 2504-2512.

Heaney, R.P., "Dietary Protein and Phosphorous Do not Affect Calcium
Absorption," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(3), 2000, pages
758-761.

Heaney, R.P., "Excess Dietary Protein May not Adversely Affect Bone,"
Journal of Nutrition, 128(6), 1998, pages 1054-1057.

Heaney, R.P., Davies, K.M., Barger-Lux, M.J., "Calcium and Weight: Clinical
Studies," Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(2), 2002, pages
152S-155S.

Hegarty, V., May, H., Khaw, K. "Tea Drinking and Bone Mineral Density in
Older Women," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(4), 2000, pages
1003-1007.

Hegsted, M., Schuette, S.A., Zemel, M.B., et al., "Urinary Calcium and
Calcium Balance in Young Men as Affected by Level of Protein and Phosphorus
Intake," Journal of Nutrition, 111(3), 1981, pages 553-562.

Kashket, S., DePaola, D.P., "Cheese Consumption and the Development and
Progression of Dental Caries," Nutrition Review, 60(4), 2002, pages 97-103.

Kerstetter, J.E., O'Brien, K.O., Insogna, K.L., "Dietary Protein Affects
Intestinal Calcium Absorption," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
68(4), 1998, pages 859-865.

Kerstetter, J.E., O'Brien, K.O., Insogna, K.L., "Low Protein Intake: the
Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans," The Journal of Nutrition,
133(3), 2003, pages 855S-861S.

Lausen, B., "No Evidence for Dietary Protein and Dietary Salt as Main
Factors of Calcium Excretion in Healthy Children and Adolescents," The
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(4), 1999, pages 742-743.

Lewis, N., Eskridge, K., Catron, H., et al., "Urinary Calcium Excretion in
Women Consuming Carbohydrate vs Protein Diets," FASEB Journal, 15(5), 2001,
page 986.

McCarron, D.A., Reusserm, M.E., "Finding Consensus in the Dietary
Calcium-Blood Pressure Debate," Journal of the American College of
Nutrition, 18(5 Supplement),1999, pages 398S-405S.

Moriguti, J.C., Ferriolli, E., Marchini, J.S., "Urinary Calcium Loss in
Elderly Men on a Vegetable:Animal (1:1) High-Protein Diet," Gerontology,
45(5), 1999, pages 274-278.

Promislow, J.H., Goodman-Gruen, D., Slymen, D.J., et al., "Protein
Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly : The Rancho Bernardo
Study," American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(7), 2002, pages 636-644.

Roughead, Z., Johnson, L., Lykken, G., et al., "Controlled High Meat Diets
Do not Affect Calcium Retention or Indices of Bone Status in Healthy
Postmenopausal Women," The Journal of Nutrition, 133(4), 2003, pages
1020-1026.

Roughead, Z.K., Johnson, L.K., Lykken, G.I., et al., "Controlled High Meat
Diets Do not Affect Calcium Retention or Indices of Bone Status in Healthy
Postmenopausal Women," Journal of Nutrition, 2003, 133(4), pages1020-1026.

Skov, A.R., Haulrik, N., Toubro, S., et al., "Effect of Protein Intake on
Bone Mineralization During Weight Loss: A 6-Month Trial", 10(6), 2002,
Obesity Research, pages 432-438.

Spencer, H., Kramer, L., "Osteoporosis, Calcium Requirement, and Factors
Causing Calcium Loss," Clinical Geriatric Medicine, 3(2), 1987, pages
389-402.

Spencer, H., Kramer, L., DeBartolo, M., et al., "Further Studies of the
Effect of a High Protein Diet as Meat on Calcium Metabolism," American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 1983, pages 924-929.

Spencer, H., Kramer, L., Osis, D., "Do Protein and Phosphorus Cause Calcium
Loss?," Journal of Nutrition, 118(6), 1988, pages 657-660.

Spencer, H., Kramer, L., Osis, D., et al., "Effect of a High Protein (Meat)
Intake on Calcium Metabolism in Man," The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 31, 1978, pages 2167-2180.

Teegarden, D., "Calcium Intake and Reduction in Weight or Fat Mass," Journal
of Nutrition, 133(1), 2003, pages 249S-251S.

Wengreen, H.J., Munger, R.G., Cutler, D.R., Corcoran, C.D., Zhang, J.,
Sassano, N.E., "Dietary Protein Intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture
in Elderly Residents of Utah," Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19(4),
2004, pages 537-45.

Westman, E.C., Yancy, W.S., Edman, J.S., et al., "Effect of 6-Month
Adherence to a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Program," American Journal of
Medicine, 113(1), 2002, pages 30-36.

Wolf, R.L., Cauley, J.A., Baker, C.E., et al., "Factors Associated With
Calcium Absorption Efficiency in Pre- and Perimenopausal Women," The
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2), 2000, pages 466-471.

Wu, C.H., Yang, Y.C., Yao, W.J., et al., "Epidemiological Evidence of
Increased Bone Mineral Density in Habitual Tea Drinkers," Archives of
Internal Medicine, 162, 2002, pages 1001-1006.

Zemel, M.B., "Role of Dietary Calcium and Dairy Products in Modulating
Adiposity", Lipids, 38(2), 2003, pages 139-146.

Zemel, M.B., Shi, H., Greer, B., et al., "Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary
Calcium," FASEB Journal, 14(9), 2000, pages 1132-1138.

Zemel, M.B., Thompson, W., Milstead, A., et al., "Calcium and Dairy
Acceleration of Weight and Fat Loss During Energy Restriction in Obese
Adults," Obesity Research, 12(4), 2004, pages 582-590.

Zemel, M.B., Zemel, P.C., Bryg, R.J., et al., "Dietary Calcium Induces
Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive
Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Blacks," American Journal of Hypertension,
3(6), 1990, pages 458-463.

On cancer:

Abu-Abid, S., Szold, A., Klausner, J., "Obesity and Cancer," Journal of
Medicine, 33(1-4), 2002, pages 73-86.

Augustin, L.S., Gallus, S., Bosetti, C., et al., "Glycemic Index and
Glycemic Load in Endometrial Cancer," International Journal of Cancer,
105(3), 2003, pages 404-407.

Augustin, L.S., Gallus, S., Negri, E., et al., "Glycemic Index, Glycemic
Load and Risk of Gastric Cancer", Annals of Oncology, 15(4), 2004, pages
581-584.

Biesalski, H.K., "Meat and Cancer: Meat as a Component of a Healthy Diet",
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56 (Suppl 1), 2002, pages S2-S11.

Borugian, M.J., Sheps, S.B., Whittemore, A.S., et al., "Carbohydrates and
Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Chinese in North America," Cancer Epidemiology,
Biomarkers & Prevention, 2002, 11(2), pages 187-193.

Brand-Miller J.C., "Glycemic Load and Chronic Disease," Nutrition Reviews,
61(5 Pt 2), 2003, pages S49-55.

Bray, G.A., "The Underlying Basis for Obesity: Relationship to Cancer," The
Journal of Nutrition, 132(11S), 2002, pages 3451S-3455S.

Bruce, W.R., Wolever, T.M., Giacca, A., "Mechanisms Linking Diet and
Colorectal Cancer: The Possible Role of Insulin Resistance," Nutrition and
Cancer, 37(1), 2000, pages 19-26.

Calle, E.E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., et al., "Overweight,
Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S.
Adults," The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(17), 2003, pages
1625-1638.

Chan, J.M., Stampfer, M.J., Giovannucci, E., et al., "Plasma Insulin-Like
Growth Factor-I and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study," Science,
279, 1998, pages 563-566.

Cho, E., Spiegelman, D., Hunter D.J.,et al., "Premenopausal Fat Intake and
Risk of Breast Cancer," Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95(14),
2003, pages 1079-1085.

Colangelo, L.A., Gapstur, S.M., Gann, P.H., "Colorectal Cancer Mortality and
Factors Related to the Insulin Resistance Syndrome," Cancer Epidemiology
Biomarkers & Prevention, 11(4), 2002, pages 385-391.

Colditz, G.A., Coakley, E., "Weight, Weight Gain, Activity, and Major
Illnesses: the Nurses' Health Study," International Journal of Sports
Medicine, 18(3S), 1997, pages S162-170.

El-Serag, H.B., Tran, T., Everhart, J.E., "Diabetes Increases the Risk of
Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Gastroenterology,
126(2), 2004, pages 460-468.

Ellison, R.C., Zhang, Y., McLennan, C.E., et al., "Exploring the Relation of
Alcohol Consumption to Risk of Breast Cancer,"American Journal of
Epidemiology, 2001, 154(8), pages 740-747.

Facchini, F.S., Hua, N., Abbasi, F., et al., "Insulin Resistance as a
Predictor of Age-Related Disease," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 86(8), 2001, pages 3574-3578.

Factor, V.M., Laskowska, D., Jensen, M.R., et al., "Vitamin E Reduces
Chromosomal Damage and Inhibits Hepatic Tumor Formation in a Transgenic
Mouse Model," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America, 97(5), 2000, pages 2196-2201.

Flood, A., Velie, E.M., Sinha, R., et al., "Meat, Fat, and Their Subtypes as
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Women,"
American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(1), 2003, pages 59-68.

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